Muslim scientists placed far greater emphasis on experiment
than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in
the Muslim world, where significant progress in methodology was made, beginning
with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from c. 1000, in his
Book of Optics. The law of refraction of light was known to the Persians. The
most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments
to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally
empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists.
In astronomy, Al-Battani improved the measurements of Hipparchus, preserved in the translation of Ptolemy's Hè Megalè Syntaxis (The great treatise) translated as Almagest. Al-Battani also improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis.
Muslim chemists and alchemists played an important role in
the foundation of modern chemistry. Scholars such as Will Durantand Fielding H.
Garrison considered Muslim chemists to be the founders of chemistry. In
particular, Jābir ibn Hayyān is "considered by many to be the father of
chemistry".
Islamic science began its decline in the 12th or 13th
century, in conjunction with the Renaissance in Europe, and due in part to the
11th- 13th century Mongol Conquests, during which libraries, observatories,
hospitals and universities were destroyed. The end of the Islamic Golden Age is
marked by the destruction of the intellectual center of Baghdad, the capital of
the Abbasid caliphate in 1258.
(sumber : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science )







